The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

parse \parse\ (p[aum]rs), v. t. [imp. & p. p. parsed
   (p[aum]rst); p. pr. & vb. n. parsing.] [L. pars a part;
   pars orationis a part of speech. See Part, n.] (Gram.)
   To resolve into its elements, as a sentence, pointing out the
   several parts of speech, and their relation to each other by
   government or agreement; to analyze and describe
   grammatically.
   [1913 Webster]

         Let him construe the letter into English, and parse it
         over perfectly.                          --Ascham.
   [1913 Webster]

Jargon File (4.4.4, 14 Aug 2003):

parse
 vt.

   1. To determine the syntactic structure of a sentence or other
   utterance (close to the standard English meaning). "That was the one
I
   saw you." "I can't parse that."

   2. More generally, to understand or comprehend. "It's very simple;
you
   just kretch the glims and then aos the zotz." "I can't parse that."

   3. Of fish, to have to remove the bones yourself. "I object to
parsing
   fish", means "I don't want to get a whole fish, but a sliced one is
   okay". A parsed fish has been deboned. There is some controversy over
   whether unparsed should mean `bony', or also mean `deboned'.


Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

19 Moby Thesaurus words for "parse":
   analyze, block out, bracket, conjugate, decline, detail, enumerate,
   hyphenate, inflect, itemize, mark, number, outline, parenthesize,
   point, punctuate, resolve, scan, schematize