The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Countryman \Coun"try*man\ (k[u^]n"tr[i^]-man), n.; pl.
   Countrymen (-men).
   1. An inhabitant or native of a region. --Shak.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. One born in the same country with another; a compatriot;
      -- used with a possessive pronoun.
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            In perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in perils
            by mine own countrymen.               --2 Cor. xi.
                                                  26.
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   3. One who dwells in the country, as distinguished from a
      townsman or an inhabitant of a city; a rustic; a
      husbandman or farmer.
      [1913 Webster]

            A simple countryman that brought her figs. --Shak.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

countryman
    n 1: a man from your own country
    2: a man who lives in the country and has country ways [syn:
       countryman, ruralist]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

23 Moby Thesaurus words for "countryman":
   backwoodsman, bumpkin, clodhopper, clown, compatriot, congener,
   countrywoman, fellah, fellow citizen, fellow countryman,
   fellow townsman, hayseed, hick, hillbilly, hind, home towner,
   landsman, muzhik, paesano, paisano, peasant, peon, provincial