The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Ultramontane \Ul`tra*mon"tane\, a. [LL. ultramontanus; L. ultra
   beyond + montanus belonging to a mountain, from mons, montis,
   mountain: cf. F. ultramontain, It. ultramontano. See
   Ultra-, and Mountain.]
   Being beyond the mountains; specifically, being beyond the
   Alps, in respect to the one who speaks.
   [1913 Webster]

   Note: This term was first applied, somewhat contemptuously,
         by the Italians, to the nations north of the Alps,
         especially the Germans and French, their painters,
         jurists, etc. At a later period, the French and Germans
         applied it to the Italians. It is now more particularly
         used in respect to religious matters; and ultramontane
         doctrines, when spoken of north of the Alps, denote the
         extreme views of the pope's rights and supremacy
         maintained by Bellarmin and other Italian writers.
         [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Ultramontane \Ul`tra*mon"tane\, n.
   1. One who resides beyond the mountains, especially beyond
      the Alps; a foreigner.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. One who maintains extreme views favoring the pope's
      supremacy. See Ultramontanism.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

ultramontane
    adj 1: of or relating to ultramontanism
    2: on or relating to or characteristic of the region or peoples
       beyond the Alps from Italy (or north of the Alps); "ancient
       transalpine Gaul was an area northwest of the Alps and
       included modern France and Belgium"; "Cracow was a
       transalpine university" [syn: transalpine, ultramontane]
    3: on the Italian or Roman side of the Alps; "ancient cisalpine
       Gaul included an area south and east of the Alps" [syn:
       cisalpine, ultramontane]
    n 1: a Roman Catholic who advocates ultramontanism (supreme
         papal authority in matters of faith and discipline)