The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Segment \Seg"ment\, v. i. (Biol.)
   To divide or separate into parts in growth; to undergo
   segmentation, or cleavage, as in the segmentation of the
   ovum.
   [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Segment \Seg"ment\, n. [L. segmentum, fr. secare to cut, cut
   off: cf. F. segment. See Saw a cutting instrument.]
   1. One of the parts into which any body naturally separates
      or is divided; a part divided or cut off; a section; a
      portion; as, a segment of an orange; a segment of a
      compound or divided leaf.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. (Geom.) A part cut off from a figure by a line or plane;
      especially, that part of a circle contained between a
      chord and an arc of that circle, or so much of the circle
      as is cut off by the chord; as, the segment acb in the
      Illustration.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. (Mach.)
      (a) A piece in the form of the sector of a circle, or part
          of a ring; as, the segment of a sectional fly wheel or
          flywheel rim.
      (b) A segment gear.
          [1913 Webster]

   4. (Biol.)
      (a) One of the cells or division formed by segmentation,
          as in egg cleavage or in fissiparous cell formation.
      (b) One of the divisions, rings, or joints into which many
          animal bodies are divided; a somite; a metamere; a
          somatome.
          [1913 Webster]

   Segment gear, a piece for receiving or communicating
      reciprocating motion from or to a cogwheel, consisting of
      a sector of a circular gear, or ring, having cogs on the
      periphery, or face.

   Segment of a line, the part of a line contained between two
      points on it.

   Segment of a sphere, the part of a sphere cut off by a
      plane, or included between two parallel planes.

   Ventral segment. (Acoustics) See Loor, n., 5.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

segment
    n 1: one of several parts or pieces that fit with others to
         constitute a whole object; "a section of a fishing rod";
         "metal sections were used below ground"; "finished the
         final segment of the road" [syn: section, segment]
    2: one of the parts into which something naturally divides; "a
       segment of an orange"
    v 1: divide into segments; "segment an orange"; "segment a
         compound word" [syn: segment, section]
    2: divide or split up; "The cells segmented"

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

148 Moby Thesaurus words for "segment":
   adjunct, affiliation, air line, allotment, allowance, analyze,
   anatomize, apportion, assay, axis, beeline, big end, bigger half,
   bit, bite, body, branch, break down, break up, budget, categorize,
   chord, chunk, church, cleave, commission, communion, community,
   component, contingent, cross section, cut, cut up, deal,
   denomination, destiny, detachment, detail, diagonal, diameter,
   direct line, directrix, dissect, district, divide, divide up,
   dividend, division, divvy, divvy up, dole, edge, element, end,
   equal share, faction, fate, fellowship, fraction, fragment,
   great-circle course, group, half, halver, helping, installment,
   interest, isolate, item, joint, length, lot, measure, meed, member,
   mess, modicum, moiety, normal, offshoot, order, organization,
   parcel, parcel out, part, particular, partition, party, percentage,
   perpendicular, persuasion, piece, portion, proportion, quadrant,
   quantum, quarter, quota, radius, radius vector, rake-off,
   random sample, ration, reduce, reduce to elements, religious order,
   remainder, resolve, right line, sample, sampling, schism, school,
   secant, seclude, sect, sectarism, section, sector, separate,
   set off, share, shortcut, side, slice, small share, society, split,
   split up, stake, stock, straight, straight course, straight line,
   straight stretch, straightaway, streamline, subdivide, subdivision,
   subgroup, subspecies, tangent, transversal, variety, vector,
   version, wedge, zone



The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003):

segment
 /seg'ment/, vi.

    To experience a segmentation fault. Confusingly, this is often pronounced
    more like the noun ?segment? than like mainstream v. segment; this is
    because it is actually a noun shorthand that has been verbed.


The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (30 December 2018):

segment

   /seg'ment/ 1.  A collection of pages in a
   memory management system.

   2.  A separately relocatable section of an
   executable program.  Unix executables have a text segment
   (executable machine instructions), a data segment
   (initialised data) and a bss segment (uninitialised data).

   3.  network segment.

   4. To experience a segmentation fault.  Confusingly, the stress
   is often put on the first syllable, like the noun "segment",
   rather than the second like mainstream verb "segment".  This
   is because it is actually a noun shorthand that has been
   verbed.

   5. A block of memory in a segmented address space.

   [Jargon File]

   (2004-02-27)