The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Provincial \Pro*vin"cial\, a. [L. provincialis: cf. F.
   provincial. See Province, and cf. Provencal.]
   1. Of or pertaining to province; constituting a province; as,
      a provincial government; a provincial dialect.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. Exhibiting the ways or manners of a province;
      characteristic of the inhabitants of a province; not
      cosmopolitan; countrified; not polished; rude; hence,
      narrow; illiberal. "Provincial airs and graces."
      --Macaulay.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the
      jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical; as, a
      provincial synod. --Ayliffe.
      [1913 Webster]

   4. Of or pertaining to Provence; Provencal. [Obs.]
      [1913 Webster]

            With two Provincial roses on my razed shoes. --Shak.
      [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Provincial \Pro*vin"cial\, n.
   1. A person belonging to a province; one who is provincial.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. (R. C. Ch.) A monastic superior, who, under the general of
      his order, has the direction of all the religious houses
      of the same fraternity in a given district, called a
      province of the order.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

provincial
    adj 1: of or associated with a province; "provincial government"
    2: characteristic of the provinces or their people; "deeply
       provincial and conformist"; "in that well-educated company I
       felt uncomfortably provincial"; "narrow provincial attitudes"
       [ant: cosmopolitan]
    n 1: (Roman Catholic Church) an official in charge of an
         ecclesiastical province acting under the superior general
         of a religious order; "the general of the Jesuits receives
         monthly reports from the provincials"
    2: a country person [syn: peasant, provincial, bucolic]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

124 Moby Thesaurus words for "provincial":
   Arcadian, agrarian, agrestic, agricultural, authoritarian, awkward,
   backwoods, backwoodsman, beg, beglerbeg, bey, bigot, bigoted,
   boorish, borne, bucolic, bumpkin, burgrave, campestral, cloddish,
   closed, clown, collector, confined, constricted, countrified,
   country, country bumpkin, country cousin, countryman, countrywoman,
   cramped, creedbound, deaf, deaf to reason, dey, dialect, dialectal,
   eparch, exarch, fanatical, farm, fellah, gauleiter,
   geographically limited, governor, governor-general, hayseed, hick,
   hidebound, hind, homespun, idiomatic, illiberal, ingenuous,
   innocent, insular, khedive, lieutenant governor, limited, little,
   little-minded, local, localized, loutish, lowland, mean,
   mean-minded, mean-spirited, muzhik, nabob, naive, narrow,
   narrow-hearted, narrow-minded, narrow-souled, narrow-spirited,
   nawab, nearsighted, oafish, of a place, outland, palatine,
   parochial, pastoral, peasant, peon, petty, proconsul, purblind,
   regional, rude, rural, rustic, satrap, sectarian, shortsighted,
   small, small-minded, small-town, stadtholder, straitlaced, stuffy,
   subahdar, tetrarch, topical, uncatholic, uncharitable,
   uncultivated, uncultured, ungenerous, ungraceful, uninformed,
   unliberal, unpolished, unrefined, unsophisticated, upland, vali,
   vernacular, vice-king, viceroy, wali, yokel