The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Meteoric \Me`te*or"ic\, a. [Cf. F. m['e]t['e]orique.]
   1. Of or pertaining to a meteor, or to meteors; atmospheric,
      as, meteoric phenomena; meteoric stones.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. Influenced by the weather; as, meteoric conditions.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. Flashing; transient and brilliant, like a meteor[3]; as,
      meteoric fame. "Meteoric politician." --Craik.
      [1913 Webster]

   Meteoric iron, Meteoric stone. (Min.) See Meteorite.

   Meteoric paper, a substance of confervoid origin found
      floating in the air, and resembling bits of coarse paper;
      -- so called because formerly supposed to fall from
      meteors.

   Meteoric showers, periodical exhibitions of shooting stars,
      occuring about the 9th or 10th of August and 13th of
      November, more rarely in April and December, and also at
      some other periods.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

meteoric
    adj 1: of or pertaining to atmospheric phenomena, especially
           weather and weather conditions; "meteorological factors";
           "meteorological chart"; "meteoric (or meteorological)
           phenomena" [syn: meteorologic, meteorological,
           meteoric]
    2: pertaining to or consisting of meteors or meteoroids;
       "meteoric shower"; "meteoric impacts"
    3: like a meteor in speed or brilliance or transience; "a
       meteoric rise to fame"

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

84 Moby Thesaurus words for "meteoric":
   Cynthian, ablaze, aflame, anagalactic, asteroidal, astral,
   astrologic, astrologistic, astrologous, astronomic, astrophysical,
   blazing, brief, brilliant, brisk, burning, celestial,
   circumplanetary, cislunar, cometary, dazzling, empyreal, empyrean,
   ephemeral, equinoctial, evanescent, extragalactic, flaming,
   flaring, flashing, flashy, fleet, fleeting, flickering, fulgurant,
   fulgurating, galactic, heavenly, heliacal, impermanent,
   intercosmic, interplanetary, intersidereal, interstellar, lunar,
   lunary, lunate, lunular, lunulate, meteoritic, momentary, nebular,
   nebulose, nebulous, overnight, planetal, planetarian, planetary,
   planetesimal, quick, semilunar, sensational, short,
   short and sweet, short-lived, short-term, short-termed, sidereal,
   solar, spectacular, speedy, sphery, star-spangled, star-studded,
   starry, stellar, stellary, swift, temporary, terrestrial,
   transient, transitory, uranic, zodiacal