The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Collectivism \Col*lect"iv*ism\, n. [Cf. F. collectivisme.]
   (Polit. Econ.)
   The doctrine that land and capital should be owned by society
   collectively or as a whole; communism. --W. G. Summer.
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

collectivism
    n 1: Soviet communism [syn: Bolshevism, collectivism,
         sovietism]
    2: a political theory that the people should own the means of
       production