The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Bilious \Bil"ious\ (b[i^]l"y[u^]s), a. [L. biliosus, fr. bilis
   bile.]
   1. Of or pertaining to the bile.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. Disordered in respect to the bile; troubled with an excess
      of bile; as, a bilious patient; dependent on, or
      characterized by, an excess of bile; as, bilious symptoms.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. Choleric; passionate; ill tempered. "A bilious old nabob."
      --Macaulay.
      [1913 Webster]

   Bilious temperament. See Temperament.
      [1913 Webster]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

58 Moby Thesaurus words for "bilious":
   allergic, anemic, angry, apoplectic, arthritic, bad-tempered,
   bitter, cancerous, chlorotic, choleric, colicky, consumptive,
   cross, dropsical, dyspeptic, edematous, embittered, encephalitic,
   epileptic, ill-natured, ill-tempered, jaundiced, laryngitic,
   leprous, luetic, malarial, malignant, measly, nephritic, neuralgic,
   neuritic, palsied, paralytic, peevish, petulant, phthisic,
   pleuritic, pneumonic, pocky, podagric, rachitic, rheumatic,
   rickety, scorbutic, scrofulous, sour, sour-tempered, soured,
   tabetic, tabid, testy, tetchy, tubercular, tuberculous,
   tumorigenic, tumorous, vinegarish, wrathful