The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Orientalism \O`ri*en"tal*ism\, n. [Cf. F. orientalisme.]
   [1913 Webster]
   1. Any system, doctrine, custom, expression, etc., peculiar
      to Oriental people.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. Knowledge or use of Oriental languages, history,
      literature, etc. --London Quart. Rev.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

Orientalism
    n 1: the scholarly knowledge of Asian cultures and languages and
         people [syn: Orientalism, Oriental Studies]
    2: the quality or customs or mannerisms characteristic of Asian
       civilizations; "orientalisms can be found in Mozart's operas"