The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Transliteration \Trans*lit`er*a"tion\, n.
   The act or product of transliterating, or of expressing words
   of a language by means of the characters of another alphabet.
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

transliteration
    n 1: a transcription from one alphabet to another

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

26 Moby Thesaurus words for "transliteration":
   amplification, bilingual text, clavis, crib, decipherment,
   decoding, epigraph, faithful translation, free translation, gloss,
   glossary, initialing, inscription, interlinear,
   interlinear translation, key, lettering, loose translation,
   metaphrase, paraphrase, pony, restatement, rewording,
   transcription, translation, trot