The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Pine \Pine\, n. [AS. p[imac]n, L. pinus.]
1. (Bot.) Any tree of the coniferous genus Pinus. See
Pinus.
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Note: There are about twenty-eight species in the United
States, of which the white pine (Pinus Strobus),
the Georgia pine (Pinus australis), the red pine
(Pinus resinosa), and the great West Coast sugar
pine (Pinus Lambertiana) are among the most
valuable. The Scotch pine or fir, also called
Norway or Riga pine (Pinus sylvestris), is the
only British species. The nut pine is any pine tree,
or species of pine, which bears large edible seeds. See
Pinon.
[1913 Webster] The spruces, firs, larches, and true
cedars, though formerly considered pines, are now
commonly assigned to other genera.
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2. The wood of the pine tree.
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3. A pineapple.
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Ground pine. (Bot.) See under Ground.
Norfolk Island pine (Bot.), a beautiful coniferous tree,
the Araucaria excelsa.
Pine barren, a tract of infertile land which is covered
with pines. [Southern U.S.]
Pine borer (Zool.), any beetle whose larv[ae] bore into
pine trees.
Pine finch. (Zool.) See Pinefinch, in the Vocabulary.
Pine grosbeak (Zool.), a large grosbeak (Pinicola
enucleator), which inhabits the northern parts of both
hemispheres. The adult male is more or less tinged with
red.
Pine lizard (Zool.), a small, very active, mottled gray
lizard (Sceloporus undulatus), native of the Middle
States; -- called also swift, brown scorpion, and
alligator.
Pine marten. (Zool.)
(a) A European weasel (Mustela martes), called also
sweet marten, and yellow-breasted marten.
(b) The American sable. See Sable.
Pine moth (Zool.), any one of several species of small
tortricid moths of the genus Retinia, whose larv[ae]
burrow in the ends of the branchlets of pine trees, often
doing great damage.
Pine mouse (Zool.), an American wild mouse (Arvicola
pinetorum), native of the Middle States. It lives in pine
forests.
Pine needle (Bot.), one of the slender needle-shaped leaves
of a pine tree. See Pinus.
Pine-needle wool. See Pine wool (below).
Pine oil, an oil resembling turpentine, obtained from fir
and pine trees, and used in making varnishes and colors.
Pine snake (Zool.), a large harmless North American snake
(Pituophis melanoleucus). It is whitish, covered with
brown blotches having black margins. Called also bull
snake. The Western pine snake (Pituophis Sayi) is
chestnut-brown, mottled with black and orange.
Pine tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Pinus; pine.
Pine-tree money, money coined in Massachusetts in the
seventeenth century, and so called from its bearing a
figure of a pine tree. The most noted variety is the pine
tree shilling.
Pine weevil (Zool.), any one of numerous species of weevils
whose larv[ae] bore in the wood of pine trees. Several
species are known in both Europe and America, belonging to
the genera Pissodes, Hylobius, etc.
Pine wool, a fiber obtained from pine needles by steaming
them. It is prepared on a large scale in some of the
Southern United States, and has many uses in the economic
arts; -- called also pine-needle wool, and pine-wood
wool.
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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Sugar \Sug"ar\, n. [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp.
az['u]car), fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. [,c]arkar[=a]
sugar, gravel; cf. Per. shakar. Cf. Saccharine, Sucrose.]
1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance,
of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by
crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as
the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It
is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food
and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the
Note below.
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Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as
the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the
raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it
includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the
glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper,
dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true
sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates.
See Carbohydrate. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are
ketone alcohols of the formula C6H12O6, and they turn
the plane of polarization to the right or the left.
They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by
the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are
themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and
carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet
produced artificially belongs to this class. The
sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose
anhydrides of the formula C12H22O11. They are usually
not fermentable as such (cf. Sucrose), and they act
on polarized light.
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2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or
appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous
white crystalline substance having a sweet taste.
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3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render
acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words.
[Colloq.]
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Acorn sugar. See Quercite.
Cane sugar, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an
isomeric sugar. See Sucrose.
Diabetes sugar, or Diabetic sugar (Med. Chem.), a variety
of sugar (grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine
in diabetes mellitus; -- the presence of such a sugar in
the urine is used to diagnose the illness.
Fruit sugar. See under Fruit, and Fructose.
Grape sugar, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose
or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe
grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See
Dextrose, and Glucose.
Invert sugar. See under Invert.
Malt sugar, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found
in malt. See Maltose.
Manna sugar, a substance found in manna, resembling, but
distinct from, the sugars. See Mannite.
Milk sugar, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh
milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See Lactose.
Muscle sugar, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric
with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found
in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called
also heart sugar. See Inosite.
Pine sugar. See Pinite.
Starch sugar (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by
the action of heat and acids on starch from corn,
potatoes, etc.; -- called also potato sugar, corn
sugar, and, inaccurately, invert sugar. See Dextrose,
and Glucose.
Sugar barek, one who refines sugar.
Sugar beet (Bot.), a variety of beet (Beta vulgaris) with
very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe,
for the sugar obtained from them.
Sugar berry (Bot.), the hackberry.
Sugar bird (Zool.), any one of several species of small
South American singing birds of the genera Coereba,
Dacnis, and allied genera belonging to the family
Coerebidae. They are allied to the honey eaters.
Sugar bush. See Sugar orchard.
Sugar camp, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple
sugar is made.
Sugar candian, sugar candy. [Obs.]
Sugar candy, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized;
candy made from sugar.
Sugar cane (Bot.), a tall perennial grass (Saccharum
officinarium), with thick short-jointed stems. It has
been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar.
Sugar loaf.
(a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form
of a truncated cone.
(b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf.
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Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar
loaf? --J. Webster.
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Sugar maple (Bot.), the rock maple (Acer saccharinum).
See Maple.
Sugar mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the
sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers,
between which the cane is passed.
Sugar mite. (Zool.)
(a) A small mite (Tyroglyphus sacchari), often found in
great numbers in unrefined sugar.
(b) The lepisma.
Sugar of lead. See Sugar, 2, above.
Sugar of milk. See under Milk.
Sugar orchard, a collection of maple trees selected and
preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; --
called also, sometimes, sugar bush. [U.S.] --Bartlett.
Sugar pine (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree (Pinus
Lambertiana) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft
and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the
stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a
substitute for sugar.
Sugar squirrel (Zool.), an Australian flying phalanger
(Belideus sciureus), having a long bushy tail and a
large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See
Illust. under Phlanger.
Sugar tongs, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for
taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl.
Sugar tree. (Bot.) See Sugar maple, above.
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