1.
[syn: Senegal, Republic of Senegal]
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Senegal \Sen"e*gal\, n.
Gum senegal. See under Gum.
[1913 Webster]
WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):
Senegal
n 1: a republic in northwestern Africa on the coast of the
Atlantic; formerly a French colony but achieved
independence in 1960 [syn: Senegal, Republic of
Senegal]
CIA World Factbook 2002:
Senegal
Introduction Senegal
--------------------
Background: Independent from France in 1960,
Senegal joined with The Gambia to
form the nominal confederation of
Senegambia in 1982. However, the
envisaged integration of the two
countries was never carried out, and
the union was dissolved in 1989.
Despite peace talks, a southern
separatist group sporadically has
clashed with government forces since
1982. Senegal has a long history of
participating in international
peacekeeping.
Geography Senegal
-----------------
Location: Western Africa, bordering the North
Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-
Bissau and Mauritania
Geographic coordinates: 14 00 N, 14 00 W
Map references: Africa
Area: total: 196,190 sq km
land: 192,000 sq km
water: 4,190 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than South Dakota
Land boundaries: total: 2,640 km
border countries: The Gambia 740 km,
Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km,
Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
Coastline: 531 km
Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the
edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; rainy season
(May to November) has strong
southeast winds; dry season
(December to April) dominated by
hot, dry, harmattan wind
Terrain: generally low, rolling, plains
rising to foothills in southeast
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed feature near
Nepen Diakha 581 m
Natural resources: fish, phosphates, iron ore
Land use: arable land: 11.58%
permanent crops: 0.19%
other: 88.23% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land: 710 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: lowlands seasonally flooded;
periodic droughts
Environment - current issues: wildlife populations threatened by
poaching; deforestation;
overgrazing; soil erosion;
desertification; overfishing
Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
agreements: Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life
Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Marine
Dumping
Geography - note: westernmost country on the African
continent; The Gambia is almost an
enclave of Senegal
People Senegal
--------------
Population: 10,589,571 (July 2002 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 43.5% (male 2,321,789;
female 2,290,105)
15-64 years: 53.4% (male 2,710,178;
female 2,943,554)
65 years and over: 3.1% (male
159,445; female 164,500) (2002 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.91% (2002 est.)
Birth rate: 36.99 births/1,000 population (2002
est.)
Death rate: 8.14 deaths/1,000 population (2002
est.)
Net migration rate: 0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population
(2002 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/
female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/
female (2002 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 55.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 62.93 years
female: 64.61 years (2002 est.)
male: 61.29 years
Total fertility rate: 5.03 children born/woman (2002 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 1.4% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 95,000 (2001 est.)
AIDS:
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 10,000 (2001 est.)
Nationality: noun: Senegalese (singular and
plural)
adjective: Senegalese
Ethnic groups: Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer
14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%,
Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese
1%, other 9.4%
Religions: Muslim 94%, indigenous beliefs 1%,
Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic)
Languages: French (official), Wolof, Pulaar,
Jola, Mandinka
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
and write
total population: 39.1%
male: 51.1%
female: 28.9% (2001 est.)
Government Senegal
------------------
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
Senegal
conventional short form: Senegal
local short form: Senegal
local long form: Republique du
Senegal
Government type: republic under multiparty democratic
rule
Capital: Dakar
Administrative divisions: 10 regions (regions, singular -
region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick,
Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Saint-Louis,
Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
note: there may be another region
called Matam
Independence: 4 April 1960 (from France); complete
independence was achieved upon
dissolution of federation with Mali
on 20 August 1960
National holiday: Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Constitution: a new constitution was adopted 7
January 2001
Legal system: based on French civil law system;
judicial review of legislative acts
in Constitutional Court; the Council
of State audits the government's
accounting office; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Abdoulaye
WADE (since 1 April 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister
Madior BOYE (since 3 March 2001)
cabinet: Council of Ministers
appointed by the prime minister in
consultation with the president
election results: Abdoulaye WADE
elected president; percent of vote
in the second round of voting -
Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou
DIOUF (PS) 41.51%
elections: president elected by
popular vote for a five-year term
under new constitution; election
last held 27 February and 19 March
2000 (next to be held 27 February
2005); prime minister appointed by
the president
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or
Assemblee Nationale (120 seats;
members are elected by direct,
popular vote to serve five-year
terms)
elections: last held 29 April 2001
(next to be held NA 2006)
election results: percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party - SOPI
Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other
10
note: the former National Assembly,
dissolved in the spring of 2001, had
140 seats
Judicial branch: Constitutional Court; Council of
State; Court of Final Appeals or
Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals;
note-the judicial system was
reformed in 1992
Political parties and leaders: African Party for Democracy and
Socialism or And Jef (also known as
PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary
general]; African Party of
Independence [Majhemout DIOP];
Alliance of Forces of Progress or
AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic
and Patriotic Convention or CDP
(also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba
Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor
Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr.
Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for
Socialism and Democracy or FSD
[Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde
Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul
DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party
or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National
Democratic Rally or RND [Madier
DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party
or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist
Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG];
SOPI Coalition (a coalition led by
the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for
Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo
Leyti KA]; other small parties
Political pressure groups and labor; Muslim brotherhoods;
leaders: students; teachers
International organization ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS,
participation: FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIPONUH,
MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM,
UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOVIC, UPU, WADB
(regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Mamadou
Mansour SECK
FAX: [1] (202) 332-6315
consulate(s) general: New York
telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540
chancery: 2112 Wyoming Avenue NW,
Washington, DC 20008
Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador Harriet
US: L. ELAM-THOMAS
embassy: Avenue Jean XXIII at the
corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar
mailing address: B. P. 49, Dakar
telephone: [221] 823-4296, 823-7384
FAX: [221] 822-2991
Flag description: three equal vertical bands of green
(hoist side), yellow, and red with a
small green five-pointed star
centered in the yellow band; uses
the popular pan-African colors of
Ethiopia
Economy Senegal
---------------
Economy - overview: In January 1994, Senegal undertook a
bold and ambitious economic reform
program with the support of the
international donor community. This
reform began with a 50% devaluation
of Senegal's currency, the CFA
franc, which is linked at a fixed
rate to the French franc. Government
price controls and subsidies have
been steadily dismantled. After
seeing its economy contract by 2.1%
in 1993, Senegal made an important
turnaround, thanks to the reform
program, with real growth in GDP
averaging 5% annually during 1995-
2001. Annual inflation had been
pushed down to less than 1%, but
rose to an estimated 3.3% in 2001.
Investment rose steadily from 13.8%
of GDP in 1993 to 16.5% in 1997. As
a member of the West African
Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU),
Senegal is working toward greater
regional integration with a unified
external tariff. Senegal also
realized full Internet connectivity
in 1996, creating a miniboom in
information technology-based
services. Private activity now
accounts for 82% of GDP. On the
negative side, Senegal faces deep-
seated urban problems of chronic
unemployment, trade union militancy,
juvenile delinquency, and drug
addiction.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $16.2
billion (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 5.7% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,580
(2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 18.5%
industry: 20.7%
services: 60.8% (2000 est.)
Population below poverty line: 54% (2001 est.)
Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 1.4%
percentage share: highest 10%: 42.8% (1991)
Distribution of family income - Gini 41.3 (1995)
index:
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.3% (2001 est.)
Labor force: NA
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 70%
Unemployment rate: 48% (urban youth 40%) (2001 est.)
Budget: revenues: $1.373 billion
expenditures: $1.373 billion,
including capital expenditures of
$357 million (2002 est.)
Industries: agricultural and fish processing,
phosphate mining, fertilizer
production, petroleum refining,
construction materials
Industrial production growth rate: 5.2% (2000 est.)
Electricity - production: 1.32 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
other: 0% (2000)
nuclear: 0%
Electricity - consumption: 1.228 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2000)
Agriculture - products: peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum,
rice, cotton, tomatoes, green
vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs;
fish
Exports: $1 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
Exports - commodities: fish, groundnuts (peanuts),
petroleum products, phosphates,
cotton
Exports - partners: France 19%, Italy 12%, Spain 6%,
Cote d'Ivoire 2% (2000)
Imports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
Imports - commodities: foods and beverages, consumer goods,
capital goods, petroleum products
Imports - partners: France 27%, Nigeria 19%, Germany 4%,
US 4%, Italy 3% (2000)
Debt - external: $3.1 billion (2002 est.)
Economic aid - recipient: $362.6 million (2002 est.)
Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine
franc (XOF); note - responsible
authority is the Central Bank of the
West African States
Currency code: XOF
Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine
francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79
(January 2002), 733.04 (2001),
711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95
(1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1
January 1999, the XOF is pegged to
the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF
per euro
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications Senegal
----------------------
Telephones - main lines in use: 234,916 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 373,965 (2001)
Telephone system: general assessment: good system
domestic: above-average urban
system; microwave radio relay,
coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable
in trunk system
international: 4 submarine cables;
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat
(Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 10, FM 14, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios: 1.24 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 1 (1997)
Televisions: 361,000 (1997)
Internet country code: .sn
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 15 (2002)
Internet users: 40,000 (2001)
Transportation Senegal
----------------------
Railways: total: 906 km
narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000-meter
gauge (70 km double-tracked) (2001)
Highways: total: 14,576 km
paved: 4,271 km
unpaved: 10,305 km (1996)
Waterways: 897 km
note: 785 km on the Senegal river,
and 112 km on the Saloum river
Ports and harbors: Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor,
Richard Toll, Saint-Louis,
Ziguinchor
Airports: 20 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 9
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2001)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 11
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 1 (2001)
Military Senegal
----------------
Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National
Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete
Nationale)
Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 2,406,337 (2002
est.)
Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 1,257,423 (2002
service: est.)
Military manpower - reaching males: 114,189 (2002 est.)
military age annually:
Military expenditures - dollar $68.6 million (FY02)
figure:
Military expenditures - percent of 1.4% (FY02)
GDP:
Transnational Issues Senegal
----------------------------
Disputes - international: Senegalese separatists disrupt legal
border trade with smuggling, cattle
rustling, and other illegal
activities in Guinea-Bissau
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southwest
and Southeast Asian heroin moving to
Europe and North America; illicit
cultivator of cannabis