any monosaccharide sugar containing five atoms of carbon per molecule
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Webster's Dictionary (GCIDE)
Pentose \Pen"tose\, n. [Penta- + -ose.] (Chem.) Any of a group of sugars of the formula C5H10O5, such as as arabinose or ribose; -- so called from the five carbon atoms in the molecule. They are not fermented by yeast. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]