The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Paulian \Pau"li*an\, Paulianist \Pau"li*an*ist\, n. (Eccl.
   Hist.)
   A follower of Paul of Samosata, a bishop of Antioch in the
   third century, who was deposed for denying the divinity of
   Christ.
   [1913 Webster]