The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Nationality \Na`tion*al"i*ty\, n.; pl. Nationalities. [Cf. F.
   nationalit['e].]
   1. The quality of being national, or strongly attached to
      one's own nation; patriotism.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. The sum of the qualities which distinguish a nation;
      national character.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. A race or people, as determined by common language and
      character, and not by political bias or divisions; a
      nation.
      [1913 Webster]

            The fulfillment of his mission is to be looked for
            in the condition of nationalities and the character
            of peoples.                           --H. W.
                                                  Beecher.
      [1913 Webster]

   4. Existence as a distinct or individual nation; national
      unity and integrity.
      [1913 Webster]

   5. The state or quality of belonging to or being connected
      with a nation or government by nativity, character,
      ownership, allegiance, etc.; as, to record one's
      nationality on identification papers; the Soviet Union had
      citizens of many nationalities.
      [1913 Webster +PJC]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

nationality
    n 1: people having common origins or traditions and often
         comprising a nation; "immigrants of the same nationality
         often seek each other out"; "such images define their sense
         of nationality"
    2: the status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or
       naturalization

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

123 Moby Thesaurus words for "nationality":
   Americanism, Anglicism, Briticism, Everyman, John Doe, Public,
   aboriginality, ally, archduchy, archdukedom, autochthonousness,
   bloodline, body politic, breed, buffer state, captive nation,
   chauvinism, chieftaincy, chieftainry, citizenry, citizenship,
   city-state, clan, colony, common man, commonweal, commonwealth,
   community, community at large, country, county, culture, domain,
   dominion, duchy, dukedom, earldom, empery, empire, estate,
   ethnic group, everybody, everyman, everyone, everywoman,
   extraction, flag waving, folk, folks, free city, general public,
   gentry, grand duchy, heritage, independence, indigenousness,
   internationalism, internationality, jingoism, kingdom, land,
   love of country, mandant, mandate, mandated territory, mandatee,
   mandatory, men, nation, nationalism, nationhood, native-bornness,
   nativeness, nativism, nativity, overpatriotism, patriotics,
   patriotism, pedigree, people, people in general, peoplehood,
   persons, polis, polity, populace, population, possession, power,
   principality, principate, protectorate, province, public,
   puppet government, puppet regime, race, realm, republic, roots,
   satellite, self-determination, self-government, seneschalty,
   settlement, society, sovereign nation, sovereign nationhood,
   sovereignty, speech community, state, statehood, stock, strain,
   sultanate, superpower, territory, toparchia, toparchy, tribe,
   ultranationalism, world, you and me