The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Communalism \Com"mu*nal*ism\, n.
   A French theory of government which holds that commune should
   be a kind of independent state, and the national government a
   confederation of such states, having only limited powers. It
   is advocated by advanced French republicans; but it should
   not be confounded with communism.
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

communalism
    n 1: the practice of communal living and common ownership
    2: loyalty and commitment to the interests of your own minority
       or ethnic group rather than to society as a whole