The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Chromosome \Chro"mo*some`\, n. [Gr. ? color + ? the body.]
   (Biol.)
   One of the minute bodies into which the chromatin of the
   nucleus is resolved during mitotic cell division; the idant
   of Weismann.
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

chromosome
    n 1: a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries
         the genes in a linear order; "humans have 22 chromosome
         pairs plus two sex chromosomes"

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

61 Moby Thesaurus words for "chromosome":
   Altmann theory, DNA, De Vries theory, Galtonian theory,
   Mendelianism, Mendelism, RNA, Verworn theory, W chromosome,
   Weismann theory, Weismannism, Wiesner theory, X chromosome,
   Y chromosome, Z chromosome, accessory chromosome, allele,
   allelomorph, allosome, autosome, birth, centromere, character,
   chromatid, chromatin, chromosome complement, chromosome number,
   determinant, determiner, diathesis, diploid number, endowment,
   euchromosome, eugenics, factor, gene, gene-string, genesiology,
   genetic code, genetics, genome, haploid number, hereditability,
   heredity, heritability, heritage, heterochromosome,
   homologous chromosomes, idiochromosome, inborn capacity,
   inheritability, inheritance, matrocliny, monosome, patrocliny,
   pharmacogenetics, polyploidy, recessive character, replication,
   sex chromosome, univalent chromosome