WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

cardiovascular disease
    n 1: a disease of the heart or blood vessels

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

71 Moby Thesaurus words for "cardiovascular disease":
   abnormality, acute disease, affection, affliction, ailment,
   allergic disease, allergy, atrophy, bacterial disease,
   birth defect, blight, chronic disease, circulatory disease,
   complaint, complication, condition, congenital defect, defect,
   deficiency disease, deformity, degenerative disease, disability,
   disease, disorder, distemper, endemic, endemic disease,
   endocrine disease, epidemic disease, functional disease,
   fungus disease, gastrointestinal disease, genetic disease,
   handicap, hereditary disease, iatrogenic disease, illness,
   indisposition, infectious disease, infirmity, malady, malaise,
   morbidity, morbus, muscular disease, neurological disease,
   nutritional disease, occupational disease, organic disease,
   pandemic disease, pathological condition, pathology, plant disease,
   protozoan disease, psychosomatic disease, respiratory disease,
   rockiness, secondary disease, seediness, sickishness, sickness,
   signs, symptomatology, symptomology, symptoms, syndrome, the pip,
   urogenital disease, virus disease, wasting disease, worm disease