The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Culture \Cul"ture\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cultured (-t?rd; 135);
   p. pr. & vb. n. Culturing.]
   To cultivate; to educate.
   [1913 Webster]

         They came . . . into places well inhabited and
         cultured.                                --Usher.
   [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Culture \Cul"ture\ (k?l"t?r; 135), n. [F. culture, L. cultura,
   fr. colere to till, cultivate; of uncertain origin. Cf.
   Colony.]
   1. The act or practice of cultivating, or of preparing the
      earth for seed and raising crops by tillage; as, the
      culture of the soil.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. The act of, or any labor or means employed for, training,
      disciplining, or refining the moral and intellectual
      nature of man; as, the culture of the mind.
      [1913 Webster]

            If vain our toil
            We ought to blame the culture, not the soil. --Pepe.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. The state of being cultivated; result of cultivation;
      physical improvement; enlightenment and discipline
      acquired by mental and moral training; civilization;
      refinement in manners and taste.
      [1913 Webster]

            What the Greeks expressed by their paidei`a, the
            Romans by their humanitas, we less happily try to
            express by the more artificial word culture. --J. C.
                                                  Shairp.
      [1913 Webster]

            The list of all the items of the general life of a
            people represents that whole which we call its
            culture.                              --Tylor.
      [1913 Webster]

   4. (Biol.)
      (a) The cultivation of bacteria or other organisms (such
          as fungi or eukaryotic cells from mulitcellular
          organisms) in artificial media or under artificial
          conditions.
      (b) The collection of organisms resulting from such a
          cultivation.

   Note: The growth of cells obtained from multicellular animals
         or plants in artificial media is called tissue
         culture.
         [Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC]

   Note: The word is used adjectively with the above senses in
         many phrases, such as: culture medium, any one of the
         various mixtures of gelatin, meat extracts, etc., in
         which organisms cultivated; culture flask, culture
         oven, culture tube, gelatin culture, plate culture,
         etc.
         [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

   5. (Cartography) Those details of a map, collectively, which
      do not represent natural features of the area delineated,
      as names and the symbols for towns, roads, houses,
      bridges, meridians, and parallels.
      [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

   Culture fluid, Culture medium a fluid in which
      microscopic organisms are made to develop, either for
      purposes of study or as a means of modifying their
      virulence. If the fluid is gelled by, for example, the use
      of agar, it then is called, depending on the vessel in
      which the gelled medium is contained, a plate, a slant, or
      a stab.
      [1913 Webster +PJC]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

culture
    n 1: a particular society at a particular time and place; "early
         Mayan civilization" [syn: culture, civilization,
         civilisation]
    2: the tastes in art and manners that are favored by a social
       group
    3: all the knowledge and values shared by a society [syn:
       acculturation, culture]
    4: (biology) the growing of microorganisms in a nutrient medium
       (such as gelatin or agar); "the culture of cells in a Petri
       dish"
    5: a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or
       impeccable quality; "they performed with great polish"; "I
       admired the exquisite refinement of his prose"; "almost an
       inspiration which gives to all work that finish which is
       almost art"--Joseph Conrad [syn: polish, refinement,
       culture, cultivation, finish]
    6: the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a
       particular social group or organization; "the developing drug
       culture"; "the reason that the agency is doomed to inaction
       has something to do with the FBI culture"
    7: the raising of plants or animals; "the culture of oysters"
    v 1: grow in a special preparation; "the biologist grows
         microorganisms"

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

192 Moby Thesaurus words for "culture":
   Acheulean, Aurignacian, Azilian, Chellean, Eolithic, Neolithic,
   Paleolithic, Pre-Chellean, Solutrean, acculturation,
   acquired taste, agrarianism, agricultural geology, agriculture,
   agrology, agronomics, agronomy, appreciation of excellence,
   background, backset, bibliolatry, bibliomania, bluestockingism,
   book learning, book madness, bookiness, bookishness, booklore,
   breed, breeding, cation, choiceness, civility, civilization,
   civilized taste, civilizedness, class, classical scholarship,
   classicism, community, complex, contour farming, contour plowing,
   cultivate, cultivated taste, cultivating, cultivation,
   cultural drift, culture area, culture center, culture complex,
   culture conflict, culture contact, culture pattern, culture trait,
   customs, cut, daintiness, delicacy, delve, dig, dirt farming,
   discernment, discrimination, donnishness, dress, dressing,
   dry farming, dryland farming, education, elegance, enculturation,
   enlightenment, eruditeness, erudition, ethnic group, ethos,
   excellence, fallow, fallowing, farm, farm economy, farming,
   fastidiousness, fatten, feed, fertilize, finesse, folkways, force,
   fruit farming, furrowing, genteelness, gentility,
   gentlemanlikeness, gentlemanliness, gentleness, geoponics,
   good breeding, good taste, grace, gracefulness, gracility,
   graciosity, graciousness, grain farming, grow, harrow, harrowing,
   hatch, hoe, hoeing, humanism, humanistic scholarship, husbandry,
   hydroponics, intellectualism, intellectuality, intensive farming,
   keep, key trait, ladylikeness, learnedness, learning, letters,
   list, listing, literacy, mixed farming, mores, mulch, nation,
   nationality, niceness, nicety, nurture, pedantism, pedantry,
   people, plow, plowing, polish, prune, pruning, quality, race,
   raise, rake, ranch, reading, rear, refinement, run, rural economy,
   savoir faire, savoir-faire, scholarship, sharecropping,
   socialization, society, sophist, sophistication, spade,
   speech community, stock, strain, strip farming, suavity,
   subsistence farming, subtlety, tank farming, taste, tastefulness,
   thin, thin out, thinning, thremmatology, till, till the soil,
   tillage, tilling, tilth, trait, trait-complex, truck farming,
   urbanity, way of life, weed, weed out, weeding, work, working